Fam Pract 35(3):239–246Ĭarpenter CR et al (2011) The six-item screener and AD8 for the detection of cognitive impairment in geriatric emergency department patients.
Arch Neurol 64(5):725–730Ĭhen HH et al (2018) The diagnostic accuracy of the Ascertain Dementia 8 questionnaire for detecting cognitive impairment in primary care in the community, clinics and hospitals: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Galvin JE et al (2007) Patient's rating of cognitive ability: using the AD8, a brief informant interview, as a self-rating tool to detect dementia. Harrison JK et al (2016) Informant questionnaire on cognitive decline in the elderly (IQCODE) for the early diagnosis of dementia across a variety of healthcare settings. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 25(4):227–232Ībd Razak MA et al (2019) Validity of screening tools for dementia and mild cognitive impairment among the elderly in primary health care: a systematic review. Li F, Jia XF, Jia J (2012) The informant questionnaire on cognitive decline in the elderly individuals in screening mild cognitive impairment with or without functional impairment. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 36(1):114–131ĭubois B et al (2016) Timely diagnosis for Alzheimer's disease: a literature review on benefits and challenges. Wallin A et al (2016) The Gothenburg MCI study: design and distribution of Alzheimer's disease and subcortical vascular disease diagnoses from baseline to 6-year follow-up. BMC Fam Pract 11:52įischer P et al (2007) Conversion from subtypes of mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer dementia. Koch T, Iliffe S (2010) Rapid appraisal of barriers to the diagnosis and management of patients with dementia in primary care: a systematic review. Neurology 67(12):2176–2185Ĭanevelli M et al (2016) Spontaneous reversion of mild cognitive impairment to normal cognition: a systematic review of literature and meta-analysis. J Intern Med 256(3):183–194īusse A et al (2006) Mild cognitive impairment: long-term course of four clinical subtypes.
Petersen RC (2004) Mild cognitive impairment as a diagnostic entity. Petersen RC et al (2014) Mild cognitive impairment: a concept in evolution. J Intern Med 256(3):240–246ĭubois B et al (2007) Research criteria for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: revising the NINCDS-ADRDA criteria. Winblad B et al (2004) Mild cognitive impairment-beyond controversies, towards a consensus: report of the International Working Group on Mild Cognitive Impairment. Gillis C et al (2019) The incidence of mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review and data synthesis.
Gauthier S et al (2006) Mild cognitive impairment. Alzheimers Dement 7(3):270–279Įlman JA et al (2018) Underdiagnosis of mild cognitive impairment: a consequence of ignoring practice effects. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 80(7):730–736Īlbert MS et al (2011) The diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer's disease. Kinsella GJ et al (2009) Early intervention for mild cognitive impairment: a randomised controlled trial. In addition, this review also proposes a screening flowchart for MCI, aiming to build a sensitive and time efficient way for recruiting subjects for subsequent investigation and disease differentiation.Ĭummings J et al (2016) Drug development in Alzheimer's disease: the path to 2025. By summarizing the sensitivity, specificity and time efficiency for common MCI screening tools, which are key factors to be taken into consideration when making selections and combinations of screening tools, this review suggests the use of a combination of two self-administered highly sensitive tools, p-AD8 + IQCODE (informant questionnaire on cognitive decline in the elderly individuals) in initial screening, as well as a combination of two highly specific widely covered tools, DemTect + MoCA (Montreal cognitive assessment) or memory and executive screening (MES) + MoCA in secondary screening. A variety of screening tools have been utilized however, the sensitivity and specificity vary greatly among these tools. In addition, the use of different screening guidelines leads to difficulties in comparing different studies. However, there is currently no consensus on guidelines for routine screening of MCI, resulting in a considerable number of patients with undiagnosed MCI from community. Due to lack of effective disease-modifying therapies for advanced dementia, diagnosis and disease intervention at an early stage, particularly at MCI stage, has been widely accepted as a critical strategy in disease management that could potentially affect long-term outcome.
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a clinical condition with a high risk of progression to dementia.